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| Taiwanese Hokkien | |
|---|---|
| 臺語 Tâi-gí / Tâi-gú[I] | |
| Native to | Taiwan |
| Ethnicity | Hoklo Taiwanese |
Native speakers | 13.5 million (2017)[1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
Early forms | |
| Chinese characters (Traditional), Latin (Tâi-lô, Pe̍h-ōe-jī), Kana, Bopomofo (Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols), Hangul | |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Taiwan[b] |
| Regulated by | Ministry of Education in Taiwan |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | (ftg is proposed[10]) |
| Glottolog | taib1242 Taibei Hokkien |
| Linguasphere | 79-AAA-jh |
.svg) Proportion of residents aged 6 or older using Hokkien at home in Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen & Matsu in 2010[11] | |
| Taiwanese Minnan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 臺灣閩南語 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hokkien POJ | Tâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí / Bân-lâm-gú | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Taiwanese dialect | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 臺灣話 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hokkien POJ | Tâi-oân-ōe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Taiwanese | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 臺語 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hokkien POJ | Tâi-gí / Tâi-gú | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Taiwanese Hokkien (/ˈhɒkiɛn/ HOK-ee-en, US also /ˈhoʊkiɛn/ HOH-kee-en; Chinese: 臺灣話; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-oân-ōe; Tâi-lô: Tâi-uân-uē), or simply Taiwanese, also known as Taiuanoe, Taigi, Taigu (Chinese: 臺語; Pe̍h-ōe-jī/Tâi-lô: Tâi-gí / Tâi-gú),[c][12] Taiwanese Minnan (Chinese: 臺灣閩南語), Hoklo and Holo,[13][14] is a variety of the Hokkien language spoken natively by more than 70 percent of the population of Taiwan.[15] It is spoken by a significant portion of those Taiwanese people who are descended from Hoklo immigrants of southern Fujian.[16] It is one of the national languages of Taiwan.
Taiwanese is generally similar to Hokkien spoken in Amoy, Quanzhou, and Zhangzhou, as well as dialectal forms used in Southeast Asia, such as Singaporean Hokkien, Penang Hokkien, Philippine Hokkien, Medan Hokkien, and Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien. It is mutually intelligible with the Amoy and Zhangzhou varieties at the mouth of the Jiulong River in mainland China, and with Philippine Hokkien to the south in the Philippines, spoken altogether by about 3 million people.[17] The mass popularity of Hokkien entertainment media from Taiwan has given prominence to the Taiwanese variety of Hokkien, especially since the 1980s.
Cite error: There are <ref group=upper-roman> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=upper-roman}} template (see the help page).
- ^ Taiwanese Hokkien at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021)
- ^ Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
- ^ Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (10 July 2023). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ "Draft national language development act clears legislative floor". focustaiwan.tw. 25 December 2018.
- ^ "立院三讀《國家語言發展法》 公廣集團可設台語電視台". ltn.com.tw. 25 December 2018.
- ^ "《國家語言發展法》立院三讀！政府得設台語專屬頻道". ltn.com.tw. 25 December 2018.
- ^ 大眾運輸工具播音語言平等保障法
- ^ Article 6 of the Standards for Identification of Basic Language Abilities and General Knowledge of the Rights and Duties of Naturalized Citizens Archived 25 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Change Request Documentation: 2021-044". SIL.
- ^ Table 6: Languages used at home for the resident nationals aged 6 years and over by gender and age, 2010 Population and Housing Census Archived 22 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS), ROC (Taiwan).
- ^ "Taigi與台語". Liberty Times. 10 August 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
- ^ Lee, Jack Tsen-Ta (28 April 2015) [2004]. "Hokkien". A Dictionary of Singlish and Singapore English. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ "TAIWAN SNAPSHOT". Retrieved 15 March 2020.
Languages Mandarin (Chinese), Holo (Taiwanese), Hakka, Austronesian languages
- ^ "Taiwan". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 4 May 2005.
Principal languages
- ^ Dreyer, June Teufel (2003). "Taiwan's Evolving Identity". The Evolution of a Taiwanese National Identity (PDF). Asia Program Special Report. Vol. 114. Washington: Woodrow Wilson International Institute for Scholars. pp. 4–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
- ^ "Reclassifying ISO 639-3 [nan]: An Empirical Approach to Mutual Intelligibility and Ethnolinguistic Distinctions" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 September 2021.
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